APLLICATION OF TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING SPEAKING

 ACCURACY AND FLUENCY IN SPEAKING SKILL

               Generally, speaking can be said as the crucial part in teaching learning process because the audience will not understand the meaning if the speaker are not be able to transfer the meaning of what are being he saying accurately. In speaking, we will face two words “accuracy and fluency”. They are two importance things to support the development of student speaking ability.

1.      Accuracy

Accuracy in speaking skills is the student ability to speak in conversation using correct grammar and vocabulary. In this case, the student should be able to use the correct component in speaking, such as: vocabulary, grammatical features and pronunciation. If the student can use the correct component of speaking they will be easy to say what they what to say in correct pronunciation. In other to achieve the best result in speaking, as the teacher you should be able to improve your student ability first especially in vocabulary, grammatical features and pronunciation. Finally, you can evaluate your student by do the conversation as feedback the material.

The characteristic of accuracy

·         Usage: explanation

It means the teacher give more portion to explain the basic of speaking skill.

·         Language for display

It means, language can be used to show the material that is being learning.

·         Language for knowledge

It’ means, language can be used to improve the student knowledge or the knowledge of student will be inclined to language usage.

·         Attention is given to language

It means, the material that the teacher and the student are being learning is focused for language development.

2.      Fluency

Generally, fluency in speaking skill is the ability of student to speak or talk in conversation easily, smoothly and correctly. It is the main achievement in learning English. To get the fluency in speaking skill is not simple. It depends on the method or strategies of teacher in teaching learning process.

The characteristic of fluency:

·         Usage real life situation

It means, the student can use their speaking skill in their own life in order to practice their fluency.

 ·         Language for communication

Like real life characteristic, the student too should be able using the language to communicate with their relation by using speaking skill.

·         Language for skill

It means, in speaking skill language is inclined for the student skill or the knowledge will be inclined for the student skill.

·         Attention is given to meaning

It means, the student will focus to know the meaning of speaking itself.

So, accuracy and fluency can be said as the feedback in measuring the achievement of student ability.

ENCCOURAGING THE STUDENT TO SPEAK

In teaching speaking skill, the teachers are often difficult to encourage their student to speak or pay their participation in teaching learning process. The following suggestions are intended to help the teacher creates a classroom in which students can feel comfortable, secure, willing to take risks, and ready to test and share their ideas. There are some ways that the teacher can do to increase the participations of student in order to speak in discussion:

1.      Encourage your students to learn each other's names.

Generally, Students are more likely to participate in class if they feel they are among friends rather than strangers; so at the beginning of the term, ask students to introduce themselves and describe their primary interests or background in the subject. These introductions may also give you some clues about the discussion that you want to give and it will be interesting for your student. The teacher can also use "The First Day of Class" where this way can helping students get to know one another.

2.      Arrange the seating to promote discussion.

If your room has movable chairs, ask students to sit in a semicircle position, so that they can see one another and it can make your student more interesting to talk with their relation. If appropriate, ask students to print their names on name cards and display them on their desk or the table. According the research, shows that people tend to talk to the person who is sitting opposite them, on the contrary, the people who are sitting next to each other tend not to talk to one another. So, we can encourage the student to speak by arranging the student chairs.

3.      Allowing your class time to warm up before you start the discussion.

The teacher can arriving in the class two or three minutes early and make an informal discussion with the student. It will make the student feel comfortable to talk with you. Besides that, you can open the class with a few minutes of conversation about greeting includes the materials that you want to teach, their condition or their activities.

4.      Limiting your own comments.

According the research, the most of time in discussion is dominated by the teacher. They tell the material too much without giving the turn for the student to speak or share their ideas. To avoid this condition, the teacher can divide the allocation time when the turn of student and when the turn of teacher to speak in the class. So, the student will get the chance to share or speak what they want to say.

5.      Giving the student reward.

By giving the reward, student will give more their participation and trying to join more deeply in the discussion. You can imagine in this way, the teacher make the competition in the class where among the student will compete to get the reward as fair as possible.

TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING SPEAKING

As we know, the success of teaching speaking depend on the technique that the teacher use in the class. If the teacher use the suitable technique in teaching, the student will be able improve their speaking skill easily. So, there are the techniques that the teacher can apply in the classroom:

1               .      Giving information

In this stage, the teachers explain the material that they want to teach in the class. With giving the information, the students are able to imagine and guessing the material that they will be received by the teacher.

1                         Survey

It’s can the teacher do by giving the student quisionare. Where, the quisionare consist about the weakness and the strength of the material. Besides that, survey can give the teacher a clue to choose the suitable method in teaching learning process.

3                        Role play

In this step, the teacher explains the activity rules when teaching learning process in the classroom. As the result, the teacher can decide the suitable activities to improve the student ability, especially in speaking skill.

Exp: The teacher use “pair work” activities. They ask their student to make a conversation with their friend in one table. It is including asking question and giving information. They will be able to practice their speaking skill in there.

4                      Discussion

Generally, discussion is the effective activity or strategy in improving the student ability because all components in the classroom (the teacher and student) can play the role in teaching learning process. They will practice their speaking skill with their relation regularly.

5                     Answer and question

Answer and question are the activities that will influences the development of the student ability because they will respond what the teacher who ask to them and they also can ask the teacher if they face the strength of the material.